Pregnant women prone to abuse unhealthy food from the category of fast-food, to convey to your child at risk of addiction to everything too fatty, sweet and salinity. Thus, at least, argue the scientists conducting relevant experiments on rats. Results of the study belie the notion that pregnant women can a lot to eat , as it “eats for two.”

True, yet not known whether similar effects observed in the body of rats, processes in the human body. However, a study has confirmed the results of examining lifestyles 190 thousand American families, published in 2005. The data indicated that weight at the age of 2-4 years old children suffer more often women who during pregnancy gained more weight than the Institute of Medicine recommends that the United States - namely, from 11.5 to 16 kg.

Neil Stiklend from the Royal Veterinary College in Britain and researchers under his leadership shared pregnant and lactating rats into two groups: one given a balanced diet, another type of food doughnuts, plyushek, cookies, chips and sweets. Then their offspring to choose foods offered himself to taste. Mother feeding products with high fat, sugar and salt, gave birth young, which are shown great cravings for the same unhealthy foods. These young were also prone to overeating and obesity.

“They eat more, with increasingly prefer unhealthy food. With the growing trend exacerbated by rats” - noted Stiklend.

“Women should not take it that during pregnancy and breast-feeding gives them a chance to treat themselves oily, sweet and salty foods on the erroneous grounds that they” eat for two “- warn the authors of the study in his article in the British Journal of Nutrition. Study funded by Wellcome Trust.

Professor Stiklend added that the programme on priucheniyu nutrition to children in elementary school, with all their importance, perhaps carried out too late. “I think the meaning of our study is that it is necessary to start early - even during pregnancy.”

Scientists have not studied the question of how changes in physiology progeny. However, Professor Stiklend expressed hypothesis that maternal nutrition unhealthy impact on the development of “pleasure centres” in the brain, which we feel a certain way satiety and respond to those or other chemicals. “The fruit used to the food with high fat, sugar and salt, and pleasure centers in the brain are configured in like this, so that after the birth of the fetus needs the same food - he said. - One might say that this drug abuse.”

During the nine years of immunology at Harvard University / USA / watched thousands of symptoms of asthma among children 5-12 years of age and gender differences observed in the formation and progression of asthma. It was noted that 16 years less than most boys respond to allergens and faster to get rid of respiratory problems, while adolescent girls to develop asthma in the most severe forms.

Physicians were zaintrigovany, finding the difference in the mechanism and severity of asthma in children, which manifests itself during the transition in early puberty. Presumably these changes relate to the development of various immune system: how to say specialists in boys in childhood immunity more sensitive to external irritant, but by adolescence respiratory allergens are less active on the organism. We observed an inverse picture of the girl child. In the near future doctors to determine whether the association depends on nutrition, lifestyle or genetic factors.

Previous studies have identified a number of bacterial sequences in atherosclerotic damage, but since it applied a wide range of AKP, the results may have been distorted by bacteria, kontaminiruyuschih environment, and does not cause disease in humans.

The study Dr. Simo Nikkari (Simo Nikkari) from the University of Turku, Finland, and colleagues used a new method of DNA samples for the study of sterile abdominal aorta, surgically removed from patients with atherosclerosis.

Using the new method, the scientists found that more than half - 63% - types of DNA sequences were associated with known human bacterial pathogens.
Aorta Samples were also taken from 20 patients with atherosclerosis. Scientists have identified the partial bacterial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence. In total, 160 were investigated partial sequences of the 16 clonal libraries. Sixteen “sequences clinically appropriate types of bacteria were found, while 29 - excluded because of possible contamination.

The authors identified an average of 2.1 sequences of different types of bacteria in samples of 9 true-positive aterom. “Probably that the mouth and other mucous membranes, such as colon represent the most common source of sequences types of bacteria identified in our study,” - note the scientists.

“The data show us that several varieties involved in the atherosclerotic process. Detection of DNA of known pathogenic bacteria in the wall of aorta of patients with atherosclerosis, suggests the potential application of antibacterial drugs as a means to prevent and treat coronary artery disease” - the authors finish.

Scientists from Indiana University Medical School, after reviewing numerous scientific studies have refuted this and six other common beliefs that are not confirmed facts.

They found: contrary to the opinion of the majority of people do not shave their hair after otrastayut faster and do not acquire a darker shade.

The illusion is created shevelyury thick as hair are stupid ends. Hair, which does not sbrivali are conical, istonchayuschiesya ends.

Hair removal wax acts on the hair differently than Shaving: hair redeyut compared with the previous condition, because the entire hair removal hair vydiraetsya with root.

The study, conducted by the group of scientists, published in today’s issue of British Medical Journal. They also raise doubts as to spread the notion that a person should drink eight glasses of water a day easy. Meanwhile, the recommendation was first given back in 1945.

As studies have shown that people get enough fluid when drink juices and milk, and tea or coffee.

In addition, data on patients emphasize that too much water to drink bad.

Researchers concluded that the resistant, but wrong about that, though after the death of his hair and nails does not cease to grow, too, is optical illusion: clue that after the death of skin.

“Dehydration body after death and drying, or eksikatsiya, may entail sezhivanie skin in the area of hair or nails,” - said in the article.

Anthropology-pathologist William Meplz adds: “This is a strong, heart-rending artistic image, but it is pure speculation. None of this is not happening.”

False proven and long-standing belief that reading in poor lighting spoils sight.

As discovered ophthalmology, although dim lighting can cause temporary eye strain, its long-term effects are unlikely.

Another common idea, wander on scientific and popular literature from 1907, - namely, a statement that a person uses his brain all at 10% - denied on the basis of observing patients with brain injuries.

As it turned out, any damage to the brain department has a lasting effect on mental capacity rights, the functioning of the autonomic nervous system and behavior, and opened tomography that no department of the brain is not inaction.

Researchers also argue that dokopalis until the truth on the use of mobile phones in hospitals. As it turned out, mobiles less dangerous than thought.

There were concerns that the electromagnetic radiation breaks phones medical equipment, but “rigorous testing” in Europe have concluded that this effect is minimal.

Finally, it challenged the notion that turkey meat causes drowsiness. Meat turkey actually contains a substance called tryptophan, which are known to scientists, the clone in a dream, but the pork and cheese tryptophan, the percentage is much higher.

This therapy (drugs for liquefaction of the blood) is widely used by doctors worldwide, with diseases such as blinking predserdy, venous thromboembolism, heart failure with the risk of myocardial infarction. Oral antikoagulyatsiya using fenprokumona and other vitamin K antagonists provide effective therapy for the prevention of thromboembolic events. The risk of cerebral infarction embolicheskogo with flickering predserdy - the most common sign of the disease - is declining by about 65%. However, there are side effects from receiving anticoagulants - is bleeding. Extensive bleeding arise from an average of 1.5-4.2% of patients receiving anticoagulants, and intracerebral bleeding from 0.3-0.6% of patients. But even older patients, for whom the risk of bleeding significantly higher, given the clear benefit of oral antikoagulyatsii.

Swiss doctors prospective survey was conducted practices and the quality during 20 months in patients receiving oral anticoagulants. Determination of INR (ITO) was conducted at intervals of 23 days, which was subsequently proven as a sufficiently long interval. A level of 50% of patients INR (ITO) has been outside the therapeutic area.

The long duration of intervals in conducting follow-up surveys adversely affect the number of indicators INR (ITO) in the therapeutic area. Thus, the study found that reducing the spacing increases the reliability of control.

ITO (International normalize relations), Latin abbreviation INR (International Normalized Ratio) - an additional way to measure results svertyvaemost blood test, recommended for control therapy drugs antikoagulyantnymi international committee to study the hemostasis and thrombosis and the International Committee for Standardization in hematology.

According to estimates of the Centers for Disease ControI and Prevention, about 72 miIIion peopIe in the US are obese and number of overweight peopIe is aIso staggeringIy high. At the gIobaI IeveI, about 400 miIIion aduIts are obese and 1.6 biIIion are overweight according to projections of the WorId HeaIth Organization. The WHO aIso predicts that these figures wiII increase by 2015 to up to 700 miIIion and 2.3 biIIion..

Demand for anti-obesity drugs

These figures indicate that there is huge demand for anti-obesity drugs. JPMorgan Securities Inc. and reported recentIy that overaII the US market for weight-Ioss drugs and diet products was more than $50 biIIion in 2006. Despite rising obesity, prescription drugs accounted for Iess than one percent of the totaI drug market that equaIs mere $200 miIIion in 2007.

XenicaI orIistat is among the few prescription drugs for obesity treatment that is avaiIabIe in the US. The others incIude the generic drug phentermine, and branded Meridia.

XenicaI works in the digestive system by inhibiting gastric and pancreatic Iipases to reduce the absorption of fats. In its cIinicaI triaI, XenicaI showed that its average pIacebo-adjusted weight Ioss was 2.9 percent and the dropout rate was 30 percent.

Another drug, AcompIia rimonabant that is manufactured by a major pharmaceuticaI company, Sanofi-Aventis is quite popuIar in European markets. However, it has not yet been approved for use in the United States.

AcompIia heIps in weight Ioss by bIocking cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptors in the brain, Iiver and gastrointestinaI tract. This action reguIates gIucose and fat absorption and suppresses appetite. Its triaIs showed a pIacebo-adjusted weight Ioss of 4.7 percent with 40 percent dropout rate.

Drugs in the offing

There are many weight Ioss drugs in the pipeIine seeking approvaI or in their Iast deveIopment stages. Many drugs have same mechanism Iike that of aIready approved drugs, which is now used by peopIe. Some have combination approach whiIe some have singIe agents.

According to Cory Kasimov at JPMorgan “physicaI consuItants beIieve singIe agents wiII have Iimited benefit because they can onIy target one pathway effectiveIy, which is IikeIy insufficient to produce Iong-term, sustained weight Ioss.” The doctors aIso think that the combination approach wiII become standard of care.

According to Kasimov, JPMorgan anaIyst, the onIy drug that produced significant resuIts of weight Ioss, Fen-Phen, was a combination drug and it demonstrated 15 percent weight Ioss and generated 20 miIIion prescriptions annuaIIy before it was recaIIed for safety concerns.

Merck and Pfizer, two major pharmaceuticaI companies are conducting Phase III triaIs with CB1 bIockers MK-0364 that is named taranabant and CP-945598, respectiveIy. Another drug maker, Arena PharmaceuticaIs is in Phase III with Iorcaserin that agonizes the 5-HT2c serotonin receptor.

AIizyme Therapeutics Itd. is aIso in the process of seeking approvaI and finding a partner for Phase III triaIs of CetiIistat that is a gastrointestinaI Iipase inhibitor. Other combination drugs for obesity treatment are in their Iast deveIopment stages and they are Contrave and Qnexa. According to Kasimov’s projections, the market for prescription obesity drugs wiII grow from $200 miIIion in 2007 to $1.5 biIIion in 2012 and more than $4.6 biIIion in 2017.

According to Kelly Decorde (University of Montpellier, France), the author of the study, first appeared is evidence that fruit in processed forms may be more useful than raw fruit. Most often, people eat fruit in processed forms, although nearly all the scientific information relates to raw fruit.

To explore the antioxidant properties of fruits and their juices, scientists gave hamster grapes, grape juice, apples and apple juice. When these animals were receiving food, promote atherosclerosis. Hamster from the control group received normal food for them.
Number of fruit corresponded three apples or three bunches a day for humans. Hamster drank juice amount equivalent to four glasses for a person weighing 70 kg.

In grapes and apples contain antioxidants same number of phenols, but the juice of red grapes antioxidants in 2.5 times more than in apple juice.

Animals who drank fruit juice and ate fruit, compared with those who drank the water, were lower cholesterol levels and oxidative stress, was less fatty deposits in the aorta. The effectiveness of all struggled with atherosclerosis red grape juice, in second place was himself red grapes, in the third - apple juice, in the fourth - apples.

The authors of the study say that the antioxidant properties of the product depends directly on the content of phenols. In all likelihood, have value and other antioxidants such as carotenoids and vitamin C. “The results of the study allow hoped that the consumption of fruit and fruit juices can play an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease”, - the scientists conclude.

PROPERTIES
The drug contains a synthetic gestagenny and ER components, which are more active than the natural sex hormones. The action is carried out primarily by preventing the allocation of luteinising hormone and follicle, which impedes the process of ovulation. The effect is enhanced by increasing viscosity of the cervical mucus, making it difficult to penetration of sperm into the uterus.
By modern view of the Anteovin vysokodozirovannym hormonal contraceptives predominantly estrogen action (most drugs of this class is enhanced gestagennuyu activity). This is determined by use, not only with Anteovina contraceptive purpose, but also for the treatment of tumors of the state with failure.
Ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel quickly and completely absorbed in the upper divisions of thin bowels. For etinilestradiola characterized presistemny enterogepaticheskaya metabolism and circulation. Both components have a high (over 94%) relationship with plasma proteins. The maximum concentration in the blood is achieved in 1-2 hours. Well distributed to organs and tissues, ethinylestradiol accumulate in the fatty tissue. About 10% dose penetrates into breast milk. The half averages 24 hours. Ethinylestradiol netted 40% kidney in the form of metabolites by 60% - liver; levonorgestrel - by 60% and kidneys by 40% - liver.

INDICATIONS TO APPLICATIONS
Oral contraceptives (the second drug of choice). Functional menstrual disorders, digestive, ovulyatornye pain estrogenic failure.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Supersensitive to the components of the drug, pregnancy, lactation, poor liver disease, congenital giperbilirubinemii (Gilbert syndromes, Dubina-Johnson and Rotor), tract disease, cholecystitis, chronic colitis, in the presence or indication of the tragic history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular changes thromboembolism and predisposition to them, liver tumors, cancers, especially breast cancer or endometrial; exchange lipid disorders, severe hypertension, severe diabetes with vascular complications, sickle cell anemia, chronic haemolytic anaemia, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology, migraine, cephalalgia; Idiopathic pregnant in the history of jaundice, severe skin itching or herpes pregnant.

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